What is Laparoscopy?
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Laparoscopy, commonly known as keyhole surgery, is a minimally invasive surgical procedure that allows doctors to view inside the abdomen and pelvis. This is achieved using a laparoscope—a thin telescope with a light source—inserted through small incisions in the skin.
How is a Laparoscopy Performed?
During a laparoscopy, the surgeon makes one to four small incisions. Through these incisions, a thin, flexible tube with a camera and light (the laparoscope) is inserted. A tube is also used to inflate the abdomen with gas, providing more room for the surgeon to view and operate.
Image/Video Suggestion: A step-by-step video of the laparoscopy procedure.
The images from the laparoscope are displayed on a television screen, which guides the surgeon in diagnosing or treating the condition. After the procedure, the gas is removed, and the incisions are closed with stitches and a dressing.
When is Laparoscopy Necessary?
Laparoscopy is used to diagnose conditions that are difficult to detect with non-invasive methods such as ultrasounds, CT scans, or MRIs. It is also employed for removing tissue or organs that require further testing or treatment.
Gynaecology
Laparoscopy is frequently used to treat various gynaecological conditions, including:
- Endometriosis: A condition where tissue similar to the lining of the womb grows outside the uterus. A laparoscopy can confirm the diagnosis and help remove or destroy the abnormal tissue.
- Ovarian Cysts: Fluid-filled sacs on the ovaries. While often benign, a laparoscopy may be necessary to remove cysts if they cause symptoms.
- Fibroids: Non-cancerous tumors in or around the uterus. Laparoscopic myomectomy can remove these while preserving the uterus.
- Ectopic Pregnancy: A pregnancy developing outside the womb. Laparoscopy can help remove the ectopic tissue or the affected fallopian tube.
- Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID): An infection of the female reproductive organs, often caused by sexually transmitted infections.
- Infertility: In cases where infertility may be linked to conditions like endometriosis or pelvic adhesions.
- Hysterectomy: Removal of the uterus and/or cervix to treat severe conditions.
Urology and Gastroenterology
Laparoscopy is also used for conditions affecting the urinary and digestive systems. It can be used to investigate, diagnose, or treat a variety of issues.
Subheading: Alternatives to Laparoscopy
In some cases, laparoscopy may not be suitable. Alternatives include:
- Laparotomy: A more invasive procedure involving a larger abdominal incision. It may be necessary for more complex surgeries or when immediate intervention is required.
- Open Surgery: This traditional method is sometimes chosen for severe cases or when other methods are not feasible.
Who Performs a Laparoscopy?
Laparoscopic procedures are typically carried out by skilled gynaecologists. For complex cases, advanced training and experience are essential. At the London Women’s Centre, our team of specialists is trained to deliver the highest standard of care.
Image/Video Suggestion: Photo or video of a gynaecologist performing a laparoscopic procedure.
Preparing for Laparoscopy
Before your laparoscopy, you will likely need to fast for 6-12 hours. You may also need to stop taking blood-thinning medications and quit smoking to ensure a smooth recovery.
After the Procedure
Recovery from laparoscopy usually involves a brief hospital stay, with many patients going home the same day. Arrange for a friend or family member to drive you home. It’s also crucial to have someone assist you for the first 24 hours.
You may experience some discomfort, bloating, or shoulder pain due to residual gas. Painkillers will help manage any pain. Follow your surgeon’s advice for wound care and attend follow-up appointments to ensure proper healing.
Benefits of Laparoscopy
Laparoscopy offers several advantages over traditional open surgery:
- Minimally Invasive: Smaller incisions result in less pain and scarring.
- Quick Recovery: Most patients return to normal activities faster.
- Reduced Risk: Lower risk of infection, bleeding, and adhesions.
Risks Involved
While laparoscopy is generally safe, it does carry some risks, such as infection, minor bleeding, or nausea. Serious complications are rare but will be discussed with you prior to surgery.