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What is Endometriosis?
Endometriosis is a prevalent medical condition affecting approximately 1 in 10 women globally. This chronic disorder occurs when tissue similar to the lining of the uterus (endometrium) grows outside the uterus. This abnormal tissue continues to act like regular endometrial tissue, shedding and bleeding during the menstrual cycle. However, since it has no way to exit the body, it can lead to severe pain, inflammation, and scarring in areas such as the ovaries, fallopian tubes, bladder, bowel, and pelvic wall.
Common Symptoms of Endometriosis
Diagnosing endometriosis can be challenging due to its varied symptoms. Here are the most common signs:
- Severe Menstrual Pain: Intense period cramps that don’t improve with standard painkillers.
- Heavy Menstrual Bleeding: Excessive bleeding that may require frequent sanitary product changes or result in leaks.
- Pelvic and Abdominal Pain: Persistent pain in the pelvic region and abdomen.
- Pain During Intercourse: Discomfort or pain during or after sexual activity.
- Fatigue: Feeling unusually tired during periods.
- Digestive Issues: Symptoms such as nausea, diarrhea, or constipation.
- Infertility: Difficulty getting pregnant, often linked to endometriosis.
Managing Endometriosis Pain
Endometriosis pain can be debilitating, impacting daily life. Here are some strategies to manage it:
- Pain Medication: Over-the-counter non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) like Ibuprofen can help reduce pain and inflammation. For more severe pain, stronger medications like Codeine may be prescribed.
- Heat Therapy: Applying heat through hot baths or hot water bottles can soothe pain.
- TENS Machine: Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS) units can help block pain signals and release endorphins. Consult with your doctor before using one.
- Lifestyle Adjustments: Stress reduction and comfort measures are crucial for managing pain.
Treatment Options for Endometriosis
Endometriosis treatment focuses on alleviating symptoms and improving quality of life. Treatment options include:
- Hormonal Treatments: These aim to reduce estrogen levels and slow the growth of endometrial tissue.
- Combined Oral Contraceptive Pill: Contains both estrogen and progestogen, which can lighten periods and reduce pain.
- Levonorgestrel-Releasing Intrauterine System (LNG-IUS): Known as the Mirena coil, this device releases progestogen to decrease menstrual bleeding and pain.
- GnRH Analogues: These induce a temporary menopause by lowering estrogen levels, shrinking endometrial tissue. Side effects may include hot flashes and mood swings.
- Progestogens: Synthetic progesterone helps prevent the rapid growth of endometrial tissue. Side effects include bloating and mood swings.
- Surgical Treatments: Surgery can be an option if pain persists despite medication or if infertility is a concern.
- Laparoscopy: A minimally invasive procedure used to diagnose and treat endometriosis by removing or destroying endometrial tissue. Most women experience significant pain relief after surgery.
- Laparotomy: Used in rare cases where laparoscopy isn’t feasible, involving a larger incision and longer recovery time.
- Hysterectomy: A major surgery involving the removal of the uterus, and possibly the ovaries. Considered as a last resort, especially when other treatments fail.
Can Endometriosis be Cured?
Endometriosis is a chronic condition with no definitive cure. However, treatments can significantly ease symptoms and improve quality of life. A combination of medication, lifestyle changes, and surgery can help manage the condition effectively.
Book a Consultation Today
If you are struggling with endometriosis and need personalized advice, book a consultation with our expert gynaecologist in London. We specialize in endometriosis treatment and are here to help you find the best approach for managing your condition.